Nanotechnology has recently brought immense improvement in the textile industry. The unique properties of nanomaterials are applied in an efficient manner by textile engineers and scientists, and it has gained enormous attention in the commercial market for their huge economic benefits.

There are different methods to produce nanoengineered textiles. For example, sometimes synthesized nanoparticles are incorporated into the fibres or textiles.

Nanoparticles are also applied as a coating on the surface of the finished product. There are also different coating techniques such as sol-gel, plasma polymerization and layer-by-layer that are used in the application of nanoparticles onto textile fibres.

These techniques can enhance durability and are also capable of making the fabric resistant to extreme weather conditions. The composition of nanocoating materials, such as surfactants and carrier mediums, can alter the surface texture of fabrics.

A nanofiber is produced by the electrospinning method and split spinning process. Nano-fibres possess multifunctional properties such as good filtration, high surface area, high permeability, small fibre diameter, and thin layers. These fabrics can filter toxic gasses, pathogens (bacteria, viruses), and harmful substances present in the air.

The nanoparticles being evenly distributed in polymer matrices imparts toughness and abrasion resistance to the fabrics. Nanofibers can also enhance the tensile strength of composite fibres.

A nanocomposite is made up of a mixture of two or more different substances of nanometre size. This technique helps in the production of fabrics with improved electrical, mechanical, optical, and biological properties.

The technique enables the production of communicating textiles, chromatic textiles, conductive textiles, warming and cooling textiles, textile sensors, and digital fashion. Metal ions and static electricity play a crucial role in imparting sterilizing properties to fabrics.

The anti-static property of nano-based fibres helps to repel statically active substances such as lint, dog hair, and dust. Carbon black nanoparticles and carbon nanofibers are elective reinforcing materials for composite fibres.